Geological Sciences 100

EARTH SYSTEM I:
GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Lecture XXXI. The Biosphere

E) How is life classified?

E) How is life classified?
1. Taxonomy ==> science of classification
2. The system of Linneaus (Karl von Linne, 1707-1778)
  
  Table 31.1 Scheme of Linneaus for classifying organisms (from General Geology (5th ed.), by Foster, Merrill Publishing Co., 1988).
3. Classification of plants
  
  Table 31.2 The Plant Kingdom (from Invitation to Biology, by Curtis, Worth Publishers, Inc., 1972).
  
  Figure 31.1 Chart of evolution of land plants (from Invitation to Biology, by Curtis, Worth Publishers, Inc., 1972).
4. Classification of animals
  
  Table 31.3 Some characteristics of the principal groups of animals (from General Zoology (4th ed.), by Stoper and Usinger, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965).
  
  Figure 31.2 Phylum PROTOZOA. Representatives of the five classes (from General Zoology (4th ed.), by Stoper and Usinger, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965).
  
  Figure 31.3 Phyla PORIFERA, COELENTERATA (three classes), and CTENOPHORA (from General Zoology (4th ed.), by Stoper and Usinger, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965).
  
  Figure 31.4 Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES (three classes) and NEMERTINEA, and Class NEMATODA (from General Zoology (4th ed.), by Stoper and Usinger, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965).
  
  Figure 31.5 Miscellaneous phyla and classes (from General Zoology (4th ed.), by Stoper and Usinger, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965).
  
  Figure 31.6 Phylum MOLLUSCA. Five of the classes (from General Zoology (4th ed.), by Stoper and Usinger, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965).
  
  Figure 31.7 Phylum ANNELIDA. The three commoner classes (from General Zoology (4th ed.), by Stoper and Usinger, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965).
  
  Figure 31.8 Phylum ARTHROPODA. Representatives of the five principal classes (from General Zoology (4th ed.), by Stoper and Usinger, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965).
  
  Figure 31.9 Phylum ECHINODERMATA. The five living classes (from General Zoology (4th ed.), by Stoper and Usinger, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965).
  
  Figure 31.10 Phylum HEMICHORDATA and Phylum CHORDATA - two lower subphyla and classes of living vertebrates (from General Zoology (4th ed.), by Stoper and Usinger, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965).