Figure 23.1 World population growth - past and future.

Table 23.1 Common nonsilicate mineral groups (from The Earth - An Introduction to Physical Geology (2nd ed.), by Tarbuck & Lutgens, Merrill Publishing Co., 1984).

1. Metallic Minerals

   
   
   Table 23.2 Occurrences of metallic minerals (from The Earth - An Introduction to Physical Geology (2nd ed.), by Tarbuck & Lutgens, Merrill Publishing Co., 1984).
   
   
   

   • scarce metals ( < 0.01% crust)

     ==> Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and trace elements (Au, Ag, Pt, etc.)

   • abundant metals ( > 0.01% crust)

     ==> Fe, Al, Mn, Mg, Cr, Ti

2. Non-Metallic minerals

   
   
   Table 23.3 Occurrences and uses of nonmetallic minerals (from The Earth - An Introduction to Physical Geology (2nd ed.), by Tarbuck & Lutgens, Merrill Publishing Co., 1984).
   
   
   

   • raw (unprocessed)
     • building stones (lmst, sst, slate, marble, granite)

     • sand and gravel

     • crushed stone (lmst, dolomite, granite)

   • refined (processed)
     • clay (for porcelain and bricks)

     • gypsum (for plaster and cement)

     • limestone (for cement)

     • asbestos (for insulation)

     
     
     
     Figure 23.2 More than 22,000 pounds of nonfuel earth materials are required annually for every U.S. citizen. About 94 percent are nonmetallics (U.S. Bereau of Mines).